Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of oral baclofen in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and to determine if this treatment can be further used in these patients.
Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 1,816 patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. The patients were treated with baclofen 10 mg/day, and the study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Patients with a history of alcoholism, psychiatric disorders, or other psychiatric disorders were excluded from the study. A total of 6,039 patients were included in the study and the characteristics of the patients were summarized in Table 1. All patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and other psychiatric disorders were excluded from the study. The patients were also excluded from the study if they were taking any prescription drugs, antidepressants, antiepileptic drugs, or antihistamines. The results of the study were analyzed using a chi-square test.
Results:The median age of the patients was 71.0 years (range, 31 to 89). The majority of the patients were males (70.0%), with a mean age of 60.6 years (range, 25 to 80). The median duration of treatment with baclofen was 4.4 months (range, 1.1 to 21.3 months). The mean duration of therapy with baclofen was 4.7 months (range, 1.1 to 13.8 months). There was no significant difference in gender, age, and comorbidities between the two groups. The median dosage of baclofen was 10 mg/day in the schizophrenia group and 5 mg/day in the schizoaffective disorder group. The mean duration of treatment with baclofen was 5.3 months (range, 1.0 to 18.0 months). The median dosage of baclofen in the two groups was 10 mg/day in the schizophrenia group and 5 mg/day in the schizoaffective disorder group. The median duration of treatment with baclofen was 4.8 months (range, 1.0 to 11.3 months).
Conclusion:The use of oral baclofen 10 mg/day in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and other psychiatric disorders was not associated with a significant difference in the frequency of adverse events.
Table 1: Baseline characteristics of patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. The table lists baseline characteristics in this study.The figure illustrates the median duration of therapy with baclofen in the schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder groups. The solid line represents the mean duration of therapy with baclofen.
Figure 1: The mean duration of therapy with baclofen in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.
Table 2: Baseline characteristics of patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. The solid line represents the mean duration of therapy with baclofen in the schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder groups.
Figure 2: The mean duration of therapy with baclofen in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.
The safety of oral baclofen in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and other psychiatric disorders was evaluated according to the package inserts and the manufacturer's summary of product characteristics. The safety information in the package inserts was provided in the package insert. The safety information was also provided in the package insert in the package insert for all the patients. The safety information was also provided in the package insert for all the patients.
Data from the study was analyzed using the chi-square test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All statistical tests were conducted using SPSS V. 21 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) software.
Figure 3:The mean dosing and frequency of oral baclofen in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.
BACLOFEN is a medication used to treat spasticity, an involuntary muscle spasm that occurs in muscles, including the spinal cord. This medication works by relaxing muscles and decreasing muscle contractions. BACLOFEN belongs to a class of medications called muscle relaxants. The drug is not approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration for use in children. BACLOFEN is also not approved for use in adults.
BACLOFEN is used to treat certain conditions, including spasticity in the arms, legs, and abdomen. The dosage and duration of treatment depend on the condition being treated and the patient's response to the medication. BACLOFEN is not recommended for use in pregnant women, children under 12 years old, or people with liver or kidney disease. It is not intended for use in children under the age of 12.
This medication may be prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.
You should tell your doctor if you have ever had:
You should also tell your doctor if you have ever had:
Before taking BACLOFEN, tell your doctor if you have ever had:
Before you take BACLOFEN, tell your doctor if you have:
This medication may be used for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.
While you are taking BACLOFEN, make sure to follow all instructions provided with the medication. Your doctor may adjust the dosage or monitor you carefully for side effects. It is important to continue taking this medication even if you feel well. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. Take your next dose at the regular time. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. Do not take extra medication unless your doctor tells you to. If you have any questions, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.
If you take more than the usual dose of this medication, talk to your doctor for dosage instructions. Taking more than the usual dose of this medication may cause side effects. Keep out of reach of children. Do not share your medication with others. If you have a child under 12 years old, do not take this medication.
Baclofen, a muscle relaxant, is indicated for the relief of muscle spasms associated with multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injuries, cerebral palsy, and other spinal cord diseases. Baclofen is a GABA-B receptor agonist, which exerts a direct inhibitory influence on the spinal cord. The exact mechanism of action of Baclofen is unknown. It has a high affinity for the GABA-B receptor, which is thought to inhibit the transmission of nerve signals to the spinal cord. Baclofen is primarily excitatory in its way, but it has a high affinity for the presynaptic GABA-B receptors, which are involved in the transmission of the gamma-amino acid transporter. This is the result of the action of Baclofen on the GABA-B receptors in the spinal cord.
Baclofen is indicated for the relief of spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injuries, cerebral palsy, and other spinal cord diseases, including:
Cerebral palsy:
The effect of Baclofen on the function of the spinal cord is not known; therefore, it is recommended that Baclofen should be administered cautiously in these conditions.
Diclofenac sodium:
It is not known whether the use of Baclofen is safe or effective in the treatment of cerebral palsy.
Fluoxetine:
It is not known whether the use of Baclofen is safe or effective in the treatment of fluoxetine.
Baclofen is contraindicated in patients with history of stroke, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease.
Baclofen is contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment, patients with renal impairment, and patients who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
The most commonly observed side effects of Baclofen are headache, dyspepsia, gastrointestinal upset, nausea, and an upset stomach.
These adverse reactions are not exhaustive and may include:
Dizziness, weakness, and tremor.
Nausea and vomiting.
Diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain.
Seizures.
Somnolence.
Increased intracranial pressure (intracranial hypertension).
Anxiety.
Abnormal vision and hearing.
Abnormal blood pressure.
Constipation, diarrhea, or vomiting.
Diarrhea, loss of appetite, and fatigue.
Headache.
Insomnia.
Increased sweating.
Dry mouth.
Prolonged and painful erection.
Vaginal itching or discharge.
Anxiety, and muscle spasm.
Rhabdomyolysis.
Tension formation.
Thrombosis.
Problems with your liver.
Mood changes.
Increased blood pressure.
Abdominal discomfort.
Rash.
Dizziness.
Constipation.
Blurred vision.
Nausea.
Nervousness.
Painful and distressing erections.
Dyspnea.
Diarrhea.
Pain during sexual activity.
Muscle weakness.
Decreased appetite.
Confusion.
Tremor.
Joint pain.
Pain during urination.
Background:The effects of baclofen on muscle function, exercise tolerance, and cardiovascular function have been investigated in clinical and human studies. The study aimed to investigate the effects of baclofen on the skeletal muscle tone and the effects of baclofen on exercise tolerance and exercise performance, as well as to determine the relationship between baclofen and exercise tolerance.
Methods:The study was conducted at the department of Neurology of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Vadodara Hospital. The study included adult patients with cerebral palsy who received baclofen. The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects before the study was conducted. Subjects were randomized to take the medication and to receive either placebo or baclofen (50 mg/day) for 4 weeks. They were randomly divided into the study and study arms by a computer generated random sequence of locations. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Vadodara Hospital (approval number: 16/MC/0007). The participants signed an informed consent and the study was registered in the international prospective register of the International Progetto Italiana (ICPI) in Italy in January, 2017.
Results:Twenty-seven subjects completed the study. Baclofen significantly reduced the muscle tone, exercise tolerance, and cardiovascular function of skeletal muscle in comparison with placebo. Furthermore, baclofen significantly reduced the effects of exercise on the cardiovascular function of skeletal muscle.
Conclusions:The effects of baclofen on the skeletal muscle function, exercise tolerance, and cardiovascular function were significantly reduced in the study group. It should be considered that baclofen may have an anti-depressant and anti-hyperglycemic effect.
Baclofen TabletsIntroduction:Baclofen is a derivative of spirosteroid hormones, which have been proven effective in the treatment of muscle spasticity. Baclofen is an anti-depressant and anti-hyperglycemic agent, which have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of spasticity. The effects of baclofen on the skeletal muscle function, exercise tolerance, and exercise performance have been investigated in clinical and human studies. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of baclofen on skeletal muscle function, exercise tolerance, and exercise performance.
Subjects were randomized to take baclofen and placebo tablets for 4 weeks. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Subjects received baclofen tablets by the mouth or oral liquid.
Twenty-three subjects completed the study.
The effects of baclofen on the skeletal muscle function, exercise tolerance, and exercise performance were significantly reduced in the study group.
Subjects were randomized to take baclofen tablets and placebo tablets for 4 weeks.
Baclofen is a muscle relaxant. It is prescribed in most cases of acute spasticity of spinal cord injury (SCI), because of muscle rigidity and pain. It is also used in the treatment of spinal cord spasm and the prevention of spasm.
It is prescribed in most cases of acute spasticity of SCI.
The mechanism of action of baclofen is as follows:
The action of baclofen on the spinal cord is mediated by the release of Ca2+ from the spinal cord.
The action of baclofen on the spinal cord is mediated by the release of Na+ and K+ ions. The action of baclofen on the spinal cord is mediated by the release of PGE2.
The action of baclofen on the spinal cord is mediated by the release of Ca2+ and PGE2. The action of baclofen on the spinal cord is mediated by the release of norepinephrine.
Baclofen acts by binding to the GABA-B receptor, and the binding of norepinephrine increases the activity of GABA-B receptors.
Baclofen acts on the spinal cord by inhibiting the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Baclofen acts on the spinal cord by inhibiting the action of GABA-B receptors.
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